some things i think you should know
- agents of mechanical weathering- ice, wind, water,
gravity, plants, animals - frost action- alternate freezing and thawing of soil
and rock - ice wedging- type of frost action; starts when water
seeps into cracks in warm weather. Then the water freezes and expands, an the
ice pushes against the sides of the crack, causing it to widen - 3 types of abrasion- Wind: sand and silt wear away the
rocks surface, Water: rounds off rock and makes it smooth, Gravity: rocks grind
against each other in a rock slide - Plants- roots grow through rocks/cracks
- Animals- mix and dig in soil
- agents of chemical weathering- water, weak acids,
air - Water: can break down and smooth rocks
- Acid Precipitation: contains more acid than usual, can
cause weathering of rock, can be caused by air pollution, can be harmful to
plants and animals - Acids in Groundwater: forms caverns (ex: sulfuric,
carbonic acids) - Acids in Living Things: slowly break down rocks (ex:
lichens) - Air: rust, oxidation
- Oxidation: chemical reaction where an element, such as
iron, combines with oxygen to form an oxide
vocabulary
weathering- the process by which rock materials are
broken down by the action of physical and chemical processes
mechanical
weathering- the breakdown of rock into smaller pieces by physical
means
abrasion- the grinding and wearing away of rock surfaces through the
mechanical action of other rock or sand particles
chemical weathering- the
process by which rocks break down as a result of chemical reactions
acid
precipitation- rain, sleet, or snow, that contains a high concentration of
acids
differential weathering- the process by which softer, less weather
resistant rocks wear away and leave harder, more weather resistant rocks
behind
soil- a loose mixture of rock fragments, organic material, water, and
air that can support the growth of vegetation
parent rock- a rock formation
that is the source of soil
bedrock - the layer of rock beneath soil
soil
texture- the soil quality that is based on the proportions of soil
particles
soil structure- the arrangement of soil particles
humus- the
dark, organic material formed in soil from the decayed remains of plants and
animals
leaching- the removal of substances that can be dissolved from the
rock, ore, or layers of soil due to the passing of water
soil conservation- a
method to maintain the fertility of the soil by protecting the soil from erosion
and nutrient loss
erosion- the process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity
transport soil and sediment from one location to another
broken down by the action of physical and chemical processes
mechanical
weathering- the breakdown of rock into smaller pieces by physical
means
abrasion- the grinding and wearing away of rock surfaces through the
mechanical action of other rock or sand particles
chemical weathering- the
process by which rocks break down as a result of chemical reactions
acid
precipitation- rain, sleet, or snow, that contains a high concentration of
acids
differential weathering- the process by which softer, less weather
resistant rocks wear away and leave harder, more weather resistant rocks
behind
soil- a loose mixture of rock fragments, organic material, water, and
air that can support the growth of vegetation
parent rock- a rock formation
that is the source of soil
bedrock - the layer of rock beneath soil
soil
texture- the soil quality that is based on the proportions of soil
particles
soil structure- the arrangement of soil particles
humus- the
dark, organic material formed in soil from the decayed remains of plants and
animals
leaching- the removal of substances that can be dissolved from the
rock, ore, or layers of soil due to the passing of water
soil conservation- a
method to maintain the fertility of the soil by protecting the soil from erosion
and nutrient loss
erosion- the process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity
transport soil and sediment from one location to another
Rates of weathering
slower than limestone)
as surrounding rock was worn away, the hard rock was exposed
rocks
the faster the rock will be worn down
volume- it will take a long time to wear down
rock has more surface area to volume than a large rock has
a long period of time
faster than one in an arctic climate
does temperature
rain, and ice (weathering) than those at lower elevations
down slope (there's an increased surface area
VOcabulary Words
Weathering is the process by which rock
materials are broken down by the action of physical or chemical processes.
Mechanical weathering is the breakdown
of rock into smaller pieces by physical means
Abrasion is the grinding and wearing
away of rock surfaces through the mechanical action of other rock or sand
particles.
The process by which rocks break down as
a result of chemical reactions is called chemical weathering.
Rain, sleet, or snow, that contains a
high concentration of acids is called acid
precipitation.
Differential weathering is a process by
which softer, less weather resistant rocks wear away and leave harder, more
weather resistant rocks behind.
soil is a loose mixture of small mineral fragments, organic material, water, and air
that can support the growth of vegetation.
The rock formation that is the source of mineral fragments in the soil is called
parent rock.
Bedrock is the layer of rock beneath soil. In this case, the bedrock is the parent rock because the
soil above it formed from the bedrock below.
Soil texture is the soil quality that is based on the proportions of soil particles.
Soil structure is the arrangement of soil particles. Soil particles are not always evenly spread out. Often, one
type of soil particle will clump in an area
humus is the organic material formed in soil from the decayed remains of plants
and animals.
Soil conservation is a method to maintain the fertility of the soil by protecting the soil from erosion and
nutrient loss.
Erosion is the process by which wind, water, or gravity transport soil and sediment from one location to
another.
materials are broken down by the action of physical or chemical processes.
Mechanical weathering is the breakdown
of rock into smaller pieces by physical means
Abrasion is the grinding and wearing
away of rock surfaces through the mechanical action of other rock or sand
particles.
The process by which rocks break down as
a result of chemical reactions is called chemical weathering.
Rain, sleet, or snow, that contains a
high concentration of acids is called acid
precipitation.
Differential weathering is a process by
which softer, less weather resistant rocks wear away and leave harder, more
weather resistant rocks behind.
soil is a loose mixture of small mineral fragments, organic material, water, and air
that can support the growth of vegetation.
The rock formation that is the source of mineral fragments in the soil is called
parent rock.
Bedrock is the layer of rock beneath soil. In this case, the bedrock is the parent rock because the
soil above it formed from the bedrock below.
Soil texture is the soil quality that is based on the proportions of soil particles.
Soil structure is the arrangement of soil particles. Soil particles are not always evenly spread out. Often, one
type of soil particle will clump in an area
humus is the organic material formed in soil from the decayed remains of plants
and animals.
Soil conservation is a method to maintain the fertility of the soil by protecting the soil from erosion and
nutrient loss.
Erosion is the process by which wind, water, or gravity transport soil and sediment from one location to
another.
IMportant points
~Agents of mechanical weathering- ice, wind, water,
gravity, plants, animals~frost action- alternate freezing and thawing of soil
and rock
~ice wedging- type of frost action; starts when water
seeps into cracks in warm weather. Then the water freezes and expands, an the
ice pushes against the sides of the crack, causing it to widen
~3 types of abrasion- Wind: sand and silt wear away the
rocks surface, Water: rounds off rock and makes it smooth, Gravity: rocks grind
against each other in a rock slide
~Plants- roots grow through rocks/cracks
~Animals- mix and dig in soil
~agents of chemical weathering- water, weak acids,
air
~Water: can break down and smooth rocks
~Acid Precipitation: contains more acid than usual, can
cause weathering of rock, can be caused by air pollution, can be harmful to
plants and animals
~Acids in Groundwater: forms caverns (ex: sulfuric,
carbonic acids)
~Acids in Living Things: slowly break down rocks (ex:
lichens)
~Air: rust, oxidation
~Oxidation: chemical reaction where an element, such as
iron, combines with oxygen to form an oxide
gravity, plants, animals~frost action- alternate freezing and thawing of soil
and rock
~ice wedging- type of frost action; starts when water
seeps into cracks in warm weather. Then the water freezes and expands, an the
ice pushes against the sides of the crack, causing it to widen
~3 types of abrasion- Wind: sand and silt wear away the
rocks surface, Water: rounds off rock and makes it smooth, Gravity: rocks grind
against each other in a rock slide
~Plants- roots grow through rocks/cracks
~Animals- mix and dig in soil
~agents of chemical weathering- water, weak acids,
air
~Water: can break down and smooth rocks
~Acid Precipitation: contains more acid than usual, can
cause weathering of rock, can be caused by air pollution, can be harmful to
plants and animals
~Acids in Groundwater: forms caverns (ex: sulfuric,
carbonic acids)
~Acids in Living Things: slowly break down rocks (ex:
lichens)
~Air: rust, oxidation
~Oxidation: chemical reaction where an element, such as
iron, combines with oxygen to form an oxide